Fluffy - HackTheBox Writeup
This machine involved getting a user’s hash using a known windows exploit, then doing shadow credentials attack, and finally exploiting an ADCS vulnerability to get administrator access
Starting with nmap scan
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PORT STATE SERVICE REASON VERSION
53/tcp open domain syn-ack ttl 127 Simple DNS Plus
88/tcp open kerberos-sec syn-ack ttl 127 Microsoft Windows Kerberos (server time: 2025-05-31 00:44:27Z)
139/tcp open netbios-ssn syn-ack ttl 127 Microsoft Windows netbios-ssn
389/tcp open ldap syn-ack ttl 127 Microsoft Windows Active Directory LDAP (Domain: fluffy.htb0., Site: Default-First-Site-Name)
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=DC01.fluffy.htb
| Subject Alternative Name: othername: 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.25.1:<unsupported>, DNS:DC01.fluffy.htb
| Issuer: commonName=fluffy-DC01-CA/domainComponent=fluffy
| Public Key type: rsa
| Public Key bits: 2048
| Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
| Not valid before: 2025-04-17T16:04:17
| Not valid after: 2026-04-17T16:04:17
| MD5: 2765:a68f:4883:dc6d:0969:5d0d:3666:c880
| SHA-1: 72f3:1d5f:e6f3:b8ab:6b0e:dd77:5414:0d0c:abfe:e681
| -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
| MIIGJzCCBQ+gAwIBAgITUAAAAAJKRwEaLBjVaAAAAAAAAjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsF
| ADBGMRMwEQYKCZImiZPyLGQBGRYDaHRiMRYwFAYKCZImiZPyLGQBGRYGZmx1ZmZ5
| MRcwFQYDVQQDEw5mbHVmZnktREMwMS1DQTAeFw0yNTA0MTcxNjA0MTdaFw0yNjA0
| MTcxNjA0MTdaMBoxGDAWBgNVBAMTD0RDMDEuZmx1ZmZ5Lmh0YjCCASIwDQYJKoZI
| hvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAOFkXHPh6Bv/Ejx+B3dfWbqtAmtOZY7gT6XO
| KD/ljfOwRrRuvKhf6b4Qam7mZ08lU7Z9etWUIGW27NNoK5qwMnXzw/sYDgGMNVn4
| bb/2kjQES+HFs0Hzd+s/BBcSSp1BnAgjbBDcW/SXelcyOeDmkDKTHS7gKR9zEvK3
| ozNNc9nFPj8GUYXYrEbImIrisUu83blL/1FERqAFbgGwKP5G/YtX8BgwO7iJIqoa
| 8bQHdMuugURvQptI+7YX7iwDFzMPo4sWfueINF49SZ9MwbOFVHHwSlclyvBiKGg8
| EmXJWD6q7H04xPcBdmDtbWQIGSsHiAj3EELcHbLh8cvk419RD5ECAwEAAaOCAzgw
| ggM0MC8GCSsGAQQBgjcUAgQiHiAARABvAG0AYQBpAG4AQwBvAG4AdAByAG8AbABs
| AGUAcjAdBgNVHSUEFjAUBggrBgEFBQcDAgYIKwYBBQUHAwEwDgYDVR0PAQH/BAQD
| AgWgMHgGCSqGSIb3DQEJDwRrMGkwDgYIKoZIhvcNAwICAgCAMA4GCCqGSIb3DQME
| AgIAgDALBglghkgBZQMEASowCwYJYIZIAWUDBAEtMAsGCWCGSAFlAwQBAjALBglg
| hkgBZQMEAQUwBwYFKw4DAgcwCgYIKoZIhvcNAwcwHQYDVR0OBBYEFMlh3+130Pna
| 0Hgb9AX2e8Uhyr0FMB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFLZo6VUJI0gwnx+vL8f7rAgMKn0RMIHI
| BgNVHR8EgcAwgb0wgbqggbeggbSGgbFsZGFwOi8vL0NOPWZsdWZmeS1EQzAxLUNB
| LENOPURDMDEsQ049Q0RQLENOPVB1YmxpYyUyMEtleSUyMFNlcnZpY2VzLENOPVNl
| cnZpY2VzLENOPUNvbmZpZ3VyYXRpb24sREM9Zmx1ZmZ5LERDPWh0Yj9jZXJ0aWZp
| Y2F0ZVJldm9jYXRpb25MaXN0P2Jhc2U/b2JqZWN0Q2xhc3M9Y1JMRGlzdHJpYnV0
| aW9uUG9pbnQwgb8GCCsGAQUFBwEBBIGyMIGvMIGsBggrBgEFBQcwAoaBn2xkYXA6
| Ly8vQ049Zmx1ZmZ5LURDMDEtQ0EsQ049QUlBLENOPVB1YmxpYyUyMEtleSUyMFNl
| cnZpY2VzLENOPVNlcnZpY2VzLENOPUNvbmZpZ3VyYXRpb24sREM9Zmx1ZmZ5LERD
| PWh0Yj9jQUNlcnRpZmljYXRlP2Jhc2U/b2JqZWN0Q2xhc3M9Y2VydGlmaWNhdGlv
| bkF1dGhvcml0eTA7BgNVHREENDAyoB8GCSsGAQQBgjcZAaASBBB0co4Ym5z7RbSI
| 5tsj1jN/gg9EQzAxLmZsdWZmeS5odGIwTgYJKwYBBAGCNxkCBEEwP6A9BgorBgEE
| AYI3GQIBoC8ELVMtMS01LTIxLTQ5NzU1MDc2OC0yNzk3NzE2MjQ4LTI2MjcwNjQ1
| NzctMTAwMDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAQEAWjL2YkginWECPSm1EZyi8lPQisMm
| VNF2Ab2I8w/neK2EiXtN+3Z7W5xMZ20mC72lMaj8dLNN/xpJ9WIvQWrjXTO4NC2o
| 53OoRmAJdExwliBfAdKY0bc3GaKSLogT209lxqt+kO0fM2BpYnlP+N3R8mVEX2Fk
| 1WXCOK7M8oQrbaTPGtrDesMYrd7FQNTbZUCkunFRf85g/ZCAjshXrA3ERi32pEET
| eV9dUA0b1o+EkjChv+b1Eyt5unH3RDXpA9uvgpTJSFg1XZucmEbcdICBV6VshMJc
| 9r5Zuo/LdOGg/tqrZV8cNR/AusGMNslltUAYtK3HyjETE/REiQgwS9mBbQ==
|_-----END CERTIFICATE-----
|_ssl-date: 2025-05-31T00:47:40+00:00; +6h38m43s from scanner time.
445/tcp open microsoft-ds? syn-ack ttl 127
464/tcp open kpasswd5? syn-ack ttl 127
593/tcp open ncacn_http syn-ack ttl 127 Microsoft Windows RPC over HTTP 1.0
636/tcp open ssl/ldap syn-ack ttl 127 Microsoft Windows Active Directory LDAP (Domain: fluffy.htb0., Site: Default-First-Site-Name)
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=DC01.fluffy.htb
| Subject Alternative Name: othername: 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.25.1:<unsupported>, DNS:DC01.fluffy.htb
| Issuer: commonName=fluffy-DC01-CA/domainComponent=fluffy
| Public Key type: rsa
| Public Key bits: 2048
| Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
| Not valid before: 2025-04-17T16:04:17
| Not valid after: 2026-04-17T16:04:17
| MD5: 2765:a68f:4883:dc6d:0969:5d0d:3666:c880
| SHA-1: 72f3:1d5f:e6f3:b8ab:6b0e:dd77:5414:0d0c:abfe:e681
| -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
| MIIGJzCCBQ+gAwIBAgITUAAAAAJKRwEaLBjVaAAAAAAAAjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsF
| ADBGMRMwEQYKCZImiZPyLGQBGRYDaHRiMRYwFAYKCZImiZPyLGQBGRYGZmx1ZmZ5
| MRcwFQYDVQQDEw5mbHVmZnktREMwMS1DQTAeFw0yNTA0MTcxNjA0MTdaFw0yNjA0
| MTcxNjA0MTdaMBoxGDAWBgNVBAMTD0RDMDEuZmx1ZmZ5Lmh0YjCCASIwDQYJKoZI
| hvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAOFkXHPh6Bv/Ejx+B3dfWbqtAmtOZY7gT6XO
| KD/ljfOwRrRuvKhf6b4Qam7mZ08lU7Z9etWUIGW27NNoK5qwMnXzw/sYDgGMNVn4
| bb/2kjQES+HFs0Hzd+s/BBcSSp1BnAgjbBDcW/SXelcyOeDmkDKTHS7gKR9zEvK3
| ozNNc9nFPj8GUYXYrEbImIrisUu83blL/1FERqAFbgGwKP5G/YtX8BgwO7iJIqoa
| 8bQHdMuugURvQptI+7YX7iwDFzMPo4sWfueINF49SZ9MwbOFVHHwSlclyvBiKGg8
| EmXJWD6q7H04xPcBdmDtbWQIGSsHiAj3EELcHbLh8cvk419RD5ECAwEAAaOCAzgw
| ggM0MC8GCSsGAQQBgjcUAgQiHiAARABvAG0AYQBpAG4AQwBvAG4AdAByAG8AbABs
| AGUAcjAdBgNVHSUEFjAUBggrBgEFBQcDAgYIKwYBBQUHAwEwDgYDVR0PAQH/BAQD
| AgWgMHgGCSqGSIb3DQEJDwRrMGkwDgYIKoZIhvcNAwICAgCAMA4GCCqGSIb3DQME
| AgIAgDALBglghkgBZQMEASowCwYJYIZIAWUDBAEtMAsGCWCGSAFlAwQBAjALBglg
| hkgBZQMEAQUwBwYFKw4DAgcwCgYIKoZIhvcNAwcwHQYDVR0OBBYEFMlh3+130Pna
| 0Hgb9AX2e8Uhyr0FMB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFLZo6VUJI0gwnx+vL8f7rAgMKn0RMIHI
| BgNVHR8EgcAwgb0wgbqggbeggbSGgbFsZGFwOi8vL0NOPWZsdWZmeS1EQzAxLUNB
| LENOPURDMDEsQ049Q0RQLENOPVB1YmxpYyUyMEtleSUyMFNlcnZpY2VzLENOPVNl
| cnZpY2VzLENOPUNvbmZpZ3VyYXRpb24sREM9Zmx1ZmZ5LERDPWh0Yj9jZXJ0aWZp
| Y2F0ZVJldm9jYXRpb25MaXN0P2Jhc2U/b2JqZWN0Q2xhc3M9Y1JMRGlzdHJpYnV0
| aW9uUG9pbnQwgb8GCCsGAQUFBwEBBIGyMIGvMIGsBggrBgEFBQcwAoaBn2xkYXA6
| Ly8vQ049Zmx1ZmZ5LURDMDEtQ0EsQ049QUlBLENOPVB1YmxpYyUyMEtleSUyMFNl
| cnZpY2VzLENOPVNlcnZpY2VzLENOPUNvbmZpZ3VyYXRpb24sREM9Zmx1ZmZ5LERD
| PWh0Yj9jQUNlcnRpZmljYXRlP2Jhc2U/b2JqZWN0Q2xhc3M9Y2VydGlmaWNhdGlv
| bkF1dGhvcml0eTA7BgNVHREENDAyoB8GCSsGAQQBgjcZAaASBBB0co4Ym5z7RbSI
| 5tsj1jN/gg9EQzAxLmZsdWZmeS5odGIwTgYJKwYBBAGCNxkCBEEwP6A9BgorBgEE
| AYI3GQIBoC8ELVMtMS01LTIxLTQ5NzU1MDc2OC0yNzk3NzE2MjQ4LTI2MjcwNjQ1
| NzctMTAwMDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAQEAWjL2YkginWECPSm1EZyi8lPQisMm
| VNF2Ab2I8w/neK2EiXtN+3Z7W5xMZ20mC72lMaj8dLNN/xpJ9WIvQWrjXTO4NC2o
| 53OoRmAJdExwliBfAdKY0bc3GaKSLogT209lxqt+kO0fM2BpYnlP+N3R8mVEX2Fk
| 1WXCOK7M8oQrbaTPGtrDesMYrd7FQNTbZUCkunFRf85g/ZCAjshXrA3ERi32pEET
| eV9dUA0b1o+EkjChv+b1Eyt5unH3RDXpA9uvgpTJSFg1XZucmEbcdICBV6VshMJc
| 9r5Zuo/LdOGg/tqrZV8cNR/AusGMNslltUAYtK3HyjETE/REiQgwS9mBbQ==
|_-----END CERTIFICATE-----
|_ssl-date: 2025-05-31T00:47:39+00:00; +6h38m43s from scanner time.
3268/tcp open ldap syn-ack ttl 127 Microsoft Windows Active Directory LDAP (Domain: fluffy.htb0., Site: Default-First-Site-Name)
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=DC01.fluffy.htb
| Subject Alternative Name: othername: 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.25.1:<unsupported>, DNS:DC01.fluffy.htb
| Issuer: commonName=fluffy-DC01-CA/domainComponent=fluffy
| Public Key type: rsa
| Public Key bits: 2048
| Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
| Not valid before: 2025-04-17T16:04:17
| Not valid after: 2026-04-17T16:04:17
| MD5: 2765:a68f:4883:dc6d:0969:5d0d:3666:c880
| SHA-1: 72f3:1d5f:e6f3:b8ab:6b0e:dd77:5414:0d0c:abfe:e681
| -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
| MIIGJzCCBQ+gAwIBAgITUAAAAAJKRwEaLBjVaAAAAAAAAjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsF
| ADBGMRMwEQYKCZImiZPyLGQBGRYDaHRiMRYwFAYKCZImiZPyLGQBGRYGZmx1ZmZ5
| MRcwFQYDVQQDEw5mbHVmZnktREMwMS1DQTAeFw0yNTA0MTcxNjA0MTdaFw0yNjA0
| MTcxNjA0MTdaMBoxGDAWBgNVBAMTD0RDMDEuZmx1ZmZ5Lmh0YjCCASIwDQYJKoZI
| hvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAOFkXHPh6Bv/Ejx+B3dfWbqtAmtOZY7gT6XO
| KD/ljfOwRrRuvKhf6b4Qam7mZ08lU7Z9etWUIGW27NNoK5qwMnXzw/sYDgGMNVn4
| bb/2kjQES+HFs0Hzd+s/BBcSSp1BnAgjbBDcW/SXelcyOeDmkDKTHS7gKR9zEvK3
| ozNNc9nFPj8GUYXYrEbImIrisUu83blL/1FERqAFbgGwKP5G/YtX8BgwO7iJIqoa
| 8bQHdMuugURvQptI+7YX7iwDFzMPo4sWfueINF49SZ9MwbOFVHHwSlclyvBiKGg8
| EmXJWD6q7H04xPcBdmDtbWQIGSsHiAj3EELcHbLh8cvk419RD5ECAwEAAaOCAzgw
| ggM0MC8GCSsGAQQBgjcUAgQiHiAARABvAG0AYQBpAG4AQwBvAG4AdAByAG8AbABs
| AGUAcjAdBgNVHSUEFjAUBggrBgEFBQcDAgYIKwYBBQUHAwEwDgYDVR0PAQH/BAQD
| AgWgMHgGCSqGSIb3DQEJDwRrMGkwDgYIKoZIhvcNAwICAgCAMA4GCCqGSIb3DQME
| AgIAgDALBglghkgBZQMEASowCwYJYIZIAWUDBAEtMAsGCWCGSAFlAwQBAjALBglg
| hkgBZQMEAQUwBwYFKw4DAgcwCgYIKoZIhvcNAwcwHQYDVR0OBBYEFMlh3+130Pna
| 0Hgb9AX2e8Uhyr0FMB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFLZo6VUJI0gwnx+vL8f7rAgMKn0RMIHI
| BgNVHR8EgcAwgb0wgbqggbeggbSGgbFsZGFwOi8vL0NOPWZsdWZmeS1EQzAxLUNB
| LENOPURDMDEsQ049Q0RQLENOPVB1YmxpYyUyMEtleSUyMFNlcnZpY2VzLENOPVNl
| cnZpY2VzLENOPUNvbmZpZ3VyYXRpb24sREM9Zmx1ZmZ5LERDPWh0Yj9jZXJ0aWZp
| Y2F0ZVJldm9jYXRpb25MaXN0P2Jhc2U/b2JqZWN0Q2xhc3M9Y1JMRGlzdHJpYnV0
| aW9uUG9pbnQwgb8GCCsGAQUFBwEBBIGyMIGvMIGsBggrBgEFBQcwAoaBn2xkYXA6
| Ly8vQ049Zmx1ZmZ5LURDMDEtQ0EsQ049QUlBLENOPVB1YmxpYyUyMEtleSUyMFNl
| cnZpY2VzLENOPVNlcnZpY2VzLENOPUNvbmZpZ3VyYXRpb24sREM9Zmx1ZmZ5LERD
| PWh0Yj9jQUNlcnRpZmljYXRlP2Jhc2U/b2JqZWN0Q2xhc3M9Y2VydGlmaWNhdGlv
| bkF1dGhvcml0eTA7BgNVHREENDAyoB8GCSsGAQQBgjcZAaASBBB0co4Ym5z7RbSI
| 5tsj1jN/gg9EQzAxLmZsdWZmeS5odGIwTgYJKwYBBAGCNxkCBEEwP6A9BgorBgEE
| AYI3GQIBoC8ELVMtMS01LTIxLTQ5NzU1MDc2OC0yNzk3NzE2MjQ4LTI2MjcwNjQ1
| NzctMTAwMDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAQEAWjL2YkginWECPSm1EZyi8lPQisMm
| VNF2Ab2I8w/neK2EiXtN+3Z7W5xMZ20mC72lMaj8dLNN/xpJ9WIvQWrjXTO4NC2o
| 53OoRmAJdExwliBfAdKY0bc3GaKSLogT209lxqt+kO0fM2BpYnlP+N3R8mVEX2Fk
| 1WXCOK7M8oQrbaTPGtrDesMYrd7FQNTbZUCkunFRf85g/ZCAjshXrA3ERi32pEET
| eV9dUA0b1o+EkjChv+b1Eyt5unH3RDXpA9uvgpTJSFg1XZucmEbcdICBV6VshMJc
| 9r5Zuo/LdOGg/tqrZV8cNR/AusGMNslltUAYtK3HyjETE/REiQgwS9mBbQ==
|_-----END CERTIFICATE-----
|_ssl-date: 2025-05-31T00:47:41+00:00; +6h38m43s from scanner time.
3269/tcp open ssl/globalcatLDAPssl? syn-ack ttl 127
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=DC01.fluffy.htb
| Subject Alternative Name: othername: 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.25.1:<unsupported>, DNS:DC01.fluffy.htb
| Issuer: commonName=fluffy-DC01-CA/domainComponent=fluffy
| Public Key type: rsa
| Public Key bits: 2048
| Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
| Not valid before: 2025-04-17T16:04:17
| Not valid after: 2026-04-17T16:04:17
| MD5: 2765:a68f:4883:dc6d:0969:5d0d:3666:c880
| SHA-1: 72f3:1d5f:e6f3:b8ab:6b0e:dd77:5414:0d0c:abfe:e681
| -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
| MIIGJzCCBQ+gAwIBAgITUAAAAAJKRwEaLBjVaAAAAAAAAjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsF
| ADBGMRMwEQYKCZImiZPyLGQBGRYDaHRiMRYwFAYKCZImiZPyLGQBGRYGZmx1ZmZ5
| MRcwFQYDVQQDEw5mbHVmZnktREMwMS1DQTAeFw0yNTA0MTcxNjA0MTdaFw0yNjA0
| MTcxNjA0MTdaMBoxGDAWBgNVBAMTD0RDMDEuZmx1ZmZ5Lmh0YjCCASIwDQYJKoZI
| hvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAOFkXHPh6Bv/Ejx+B3dfWbqtAmtOZY7gT6XO
| KD/ljfOwRrRuvKhf6b4Qam7mZ08lU7Z9etWUIGW27NNoK5qwMnXzw/sYDgGMNVn4
| bb/2kjQES+HFs0Hzd+s/BBcSSp1BnAgjbBDcW/SXelcyOeDmkDKTHS7gKR9zEvK3
| ozNNc9nFPj8GUYXYrEbImIrisUu83blL/1FERqAFbgGwKP5G/YtX8BgwO7iJIqoa
| 8bQHdMuugURvQptI+7YX7iwDFzMPo4sWfueINF49SZ9MwbOFVHHwSlclyvBiKGg8
| EmXJWD6q7H04xPcBdmDtbWQIGSsHiAj3EELcHbLh8cvk419RD5ECAwEAAaOCAzgw
| ggM0MC8GCSsGAQQBgjcUAgQiHiAARABvAG0AYQBpAG4AQwBvAG4AdAByAG8AbABs
| AGUAcjAdBgNVHSUEFjAUBggrBgEFBQcDAgYIKwYBBQUHAwEwDgYDVR0PAQH/BAQD
| AgWgMHgGCSqGSIb3DQEJDwRrMGkwDgYIKoZIhvcNAwICAgCAMA4GCCqGSIb3DQME
| AgIAgDALBglghkgBZQMEASowCwYJYIZIAWUDBAEtMAsGCWCGSAFlAwQBAjALBglg
| hkgBZQMEAQUwBwYFKw4DAgcwCgYIKoZIhvcNAwcwHQYDVR0OBBYEFMlh3+130Pna
| 0Hgb9AX2e8Uhyr0FMB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFLZo6VUJI0gwnx+vL8f7rAgMKn0RMIHI
| BgNVHR8EgcAwgb0wgbqggbeggbSGgbFsZGFwOi8vL0NOPWZsdWZmeS1EQzAxLUNB
| LENOPURDMDEsQ049Q0RQLENOPVB1YmxpYyUyMEtleSUyMFNlcnZpY2VzLENOPVNl
| cnZpY2VzLENOPUNvbmZpZ3VyYXRpb24sREM9Zmx1ZmZ5LERDPWh0Yj9jZXJ0aWZp
| Y2F0ZVJldm9jYXRpb25MaXN0P2Jhc2U/b2JqZWN0Q2xhc3M9Y1JMRGlzdHJpYnV0
| aW9uUG9pbnQwgb8GCCsGAQUFBwEBBIGyMIGvMIGsBggrBgEFBQcwAoaBn2xkYXA6
| Ly8vQ049Zmx1ZmZ5LURDMDEtQ0EsQ049QUlBLENOPVB1YmxpYyUyMEtleSUyMFNl
| cnZpY2VzLENOPVNlcnZpY2VzLENOPUNvbmZpZ3VyYXRpb24sREM9Zmx1ZmZ5LERD
| PWh0Yj9jQUNlcnRpZmljYXRlP2Jhc2U/b2JqZWN0Q2xhc3M9Y2VydGlmaWNhdGlv
| bkF1dGhvcml0eTA7BgNVHREENDAyoB8GCSsGAQQBgjcZAaASBBB0co4Ym5z7RbSI
| 5tsj1jN/gg9EQzAxLmZsdWZmeS5odGIwTgYJKwYBBAGCNxkCBEEwP6A9BgorBgEE
| AYI3GQIBoC8ELVMtMS01LTIxLTQ5NzU1MDc2OC0yNzk3NzE2MjQ4LTI2MjcwNjQ1
| NzctMTAwMDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAQEAWjL2YkginWECPSm1EZyi8lPQisMm
| VNF2Ab2I8w/neK2EiXtN+3Z7W5xMZ20mC72lMaj8dLNN/xpJ9WIvQWrjXTO4NC2o
| 53OoRmAJdExwliBfAdKY0bc3GaKSLogT209lxqt+kO0fM2BpYnlP+N3R8mVEX2Fk
| 1WXCOK7M8oQrbaTPGtrDesMYrd7FQNTbZUCkunFRf85g/ZCAjshXrA3ERi32pEET
| eV9dUA0b1o+EkjChv+b1Eyt5unH3RDXpA9uvgpTJSFg1XZucmEbcdICBV6VshMJc
| 9r5Zuo/LdOGg/tqrZV8cNR/AusGMNslltUAYtK3HyjETE/REiQgwS9mBbQ==
|_-----END CERTIFICATE-----
|_ssl-date: 2025-05-31T00:47:39+00:00; +6h38m43s from scanner time.
5985/tcp open http syn-ack ttl 127 Microsoft HTTPAPI httpd 2.0 (SSDP/UPnP)
|_http-server-header: Microsoft-HTTPAPI/2.0
|_http-title: Not Found
Warning: OSScan results may be unreliable because we could not find at least 1 open and 1 closed port
Device type: general purpose
Running (JUST GUESSING): Microsoft Windows 2019|10 (97%)
OS CPE: cpe:/o:microsoft:windows_server_2019 cpe:/o:microsoft:windows_10
OS fingerprint not ideal because: Missing a closed TCP port so results incomplete
Aggressive OS guesses: Windows Server 2019 (97%), Microsoft Windows 10 1903 - 21H1 (91%)
No exact OS matches for host (test conditions non-ideal).
TCP/IP fingerprint:
SCAN(V=7.95%E=4%D=5/30%OT=53%CT=%CU=%PV=Y%DS=2%DC=T%G=N%TM=6839F43F%P=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)
SEQ(SP=105%GCD=1%ISR=10C%TI=I%II=I%SS=S%TS=U)
SEQ(SP=10A%GCD=1%ISR=108%TI=I%II=I%SS=S%TS=U)
OPS(O1=M542NW8NNS%O2=M542NW8NNS%O3=M542NW8%O4=M542NW8NNS%O5=M542NW8NNS%O6=M542NNS)
WIN(W1=FFFF%W2=FFFF%W3=FFFF%W4=FFFF%W5=FFFF%W6=FF70)
ECN(R=Y%DF=Y%TG=80%W=FFFF%O=M542NW8NNS%CC=Y%Q=)
T1(R=Y%DF=Y%TG=80%S=O%A=S+%F=AS%RD=0%Q=)
T2(R=N)
T3(R=N)
T4(R=N)
U1(R=N)
IE(R=Y%DFI=N%TG=80%CD=Z)
Added the domain in /etc/hosts file 
Moreover we are provided with default creds - j.fleischman:J0elTHEM4n1990!.
Hence did a single-credential password spray using the above credentials on SMB service
Now, we can try to list the shares using smbclient using the provided creds. Among them, the IT share stood out as interesting and uncommon. Upon accessing it, I found some files that could be worth investigating.
I downloaded all the files into my system using get command of smb. The Upgrade_Notice.pdf file had some interesting info to look at. It listed all the vulnerabilities that were required to be fixed in the system. There were two critical vulnerabilities. Looked into both of them. Out of which, the 2nd exploit (CVE-2025-24071) stood out and found a public exploit for the same.
NOTE
CVE-2025-24071 is a spoofing vulnerability in Microsoft Windows File Explorer that allows unauthenticated attackers to capture sensitive information, specifically NTLM hashes, over a network.
Downloaded the exploit, and ran it. We get a zip file after running the exploit that is to be put inside the file system. We can do that using SMB. And we also need to turn on responder to capture any hashes, when any user extracts our malicious zip file (embedded malicious SMB path).
Successfully captured the NTLM hash of user p.agila.
Cracked the hash using hashcat. 
Then attempted to establish an evil-winrm session for the user p.agila but it was unsuccessful. Used bloodhound-python with the credentials of p.agila to gather more info about the domain structure and relationships.
Then started neo4j service and ingested our zip file into bloodhound. Looked for the p.agila user account node, as we have owned that account.
We can see that p.agila is a member of service account managers group which has genericall on Service Accounts 
Now the interesting part here is, Service Accounts has genericwrite on accounts - ca_svc, winrm_svc and ldap_svc.
Moreover winrm_svc is the member of remote management users i.e. the user is allowed to remotely manage the system using WinRM.
So, we can add p.agila into service accounts and do a shadow credential attack for user winrm_svc.
Additionally, ca_svc is a member of the Cert Publishers group, indicating possible involvement with Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS).
Adding p.agila to service accounts group - 
Now, we can perform a shadow credentials attack on user winrm_svc 
As we got the NT hash of user winrm_svc, we can now use evil-winrm to remotely connect to the system 
And hence, here we get the user flag.
As winrm_svc is a member of the service account, we can perform shadow credentials attack again, against the user ca_svc, hence performing a lateral movement. 
Now, we can look for any vulnerable certificate templates or security misconfigurations as user ca_svc 
We can see, ESC16 is there, and security extension is disabled. Now, we can look for potential privilege escalation methods.
Upon looking for ESC16 privilege escalation, found a github URL which consisted of the methods of exploitation for ESC16.
Followed the steps as mentioned in the wiki to get administrator access.
Updating the UPN of our victim account (CA_SVC) to administrator 
Now, we set the Kerberos credential cache env using the .ccache file of CA_SVC. 
Requested the certifcate - 
We need to revert back the UPN of ‘CA_SVC` before trying to authenticate as administrator. We can do that similary as we did earlier while setting the UPN to ‘administrator’.
Authenticating as admin user - 
And hence got the root flag.